Flavoring Agents made from Aldehydes and Ketones Essays

Enhancing Agents produced using Aldehydes and Ketones Essays Enhancing Agents produced using Aldehydes and Ketones Essay Enhancing Agents produced using Aldehydes and Ketones Essay Enhancing Agents produced using Aldehydes and Ketones Name: Instructor: Establishment: : Course: Date: Dynamic This paper hopes to dig into the science behind ketones and aldehydes just as related mixes. The undertaking included investigating the manner in which their holding impacts how they respond. It likewise considers the straightforward physical properties of these mixes incorporating their response with different mixes, synthetic structures and recipes. The paper likewise hoped to build up the relationship and contrasts between regular spread and manufactured margarine, characteristic raspberry and engineered raspberry, and vanilla concentrate and unadulterated vanilla. At last, this paper tried to distinguish and a nitty gritty depiction of the sort of responses that happen in Sn1, Sn2, E1, E2 responses just as Grignard reagents. Seasoning Agents produced using Aldehydes and Ketones Seasoning operators are viewed as the biggest mixes utilized as food added substances. Refreshment and food uses of enhancing specialists incorporate zest mixes, organic products, nuts, wine seasoning operators, and vegetables. They may adjust or amplify the smell or taste of the proposed item. There exists a wide assortment of enhancing operators utilized for various purposes (Cooper, 2009). Instances of seasoning specialists incorporate alcohols, esters, protein hydrolysates, aldehydes, and ketones. Aldehydes and Ketones are associated from the reason that the two of them have a carbonyl gathering C=O. The primary contrast anyway is that the carbonyl carbon of ketones is limited by two carbon molecules. Then again, the carboxyl carbon of aldehydes is limited by one hydrogen molecule. Consequently, aldehydes place the carbonyl gathering at the terminal carbon end, while the ketone carbonyl gathering is consistently inner. Normally, basic aldehydes have an aggravating and disagreeable smell. One seasoning operator produced using aldehydes is Amyl Cinnamic Aldehyde. This compound is to a great extent utilized in obsession of aromas (Bloch, 2006). Moreover, aldehydes are additionally utilized in business item aromas, for example, antiperspirants, cleansers, cleansing agents, cleanser, and cleansers. The other seasoning specialist produced using aldehydes is C8 Aldehyde (Octanol). This compound is otherwise called caprylaldehyde or octyl aldehyde. Seasoning specialists produced using this compound are utilized in cleansers, cleansers, just as creams and light aromas requiring a citrus character. It is utilized as a seasoning specialist in nourishments, for example, prepared merchandise, gelatins, and dessert. The third seasoning specialist utilized from aldehydes is Cinnamic Aldehyde (Cooper, 2009). This compound is utilized to make enhancing operators where cinnamon characters are wanted. Despite the fact that it very well may be extricated from cassia and cinnamon bark oils, Cinnamic Aldehyde is ordinarily created artificially. In the United States and Europe, Cinnamic Aldehyde is for the most part utilized in bread kitchen merchandise, biting gum, toothpaste, mouthwash and candy. Essentially, Cinnamic Aldehyde is unsaturated, and this makes it simple to respond for making nume rous intensifies that are thusly utilized in various scent arrangements. One enhancing specialist produced using ketones is CH3)2CO. CH3)2CO represents the couple of exacerbates that show endless dissolvability in water just as the ability of dissolving various natural mixes. This quality permits CH3)2CO to be expelled when it is not, at this point required because of its low breaking point. It is considered the most significant mechanical dissolvable and is utilized in items, for example, varnishes, gums, paints, nail clean removers, and coatings. The subsequent ketone enhancing specialist is Methyl ethyl ketone. This compound exists both in open air and indoor air. Methyl ethyl ketone noticeable all around is created through the photograph oxidation of air toxins, for example, certain hydrocarbons including butane. Basically, ethyl ketone is executed as a dissolvable in forms that include cellulose acetic acid derivation, saps, gums, and cellulose nitrate. Methyl ethyl ketone is additionally executed in the elastic business, paraffin wax creation, paste s and paint removers (Cooper, 2009). Common Butter versus Synthetic Butter When contrasted with engineered spread, normal margarine is marginally higher immersed in fats at eight grams contrasted with five grams. In examination, both regular and manufactured margarine comprise a blend of triglycerides with varying types of unsaturated fats. This infers no single substance structure on normal or manufactured margarine can be drawn. The breakdown of the glycerides prompts the arrival of free unsaturated fats and butyric in margarine with the basic recipe of CH3CH2CH2â€COOH. The butyric corrosive in spread is answerable for the trademark disgusting smell in rank margarine. The trademark shade of characteristic and engineered margarine originates from its substance sythesis of carotene. The unsaturated fats in common and manufactured spread range from oleic corrosive (CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH 31.9), myristic corrosive (CH3(CH2)12COOH 19.8), palmitic corrosive (CH3(CH2)16COOH 14.9), stearic corrosive (CH3(CH2)16COOH 14.9), linolenic corrosive (CH3CH2CH=CHCH2C H=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7CO) among others. The blend of spread basically includes maturing the butyrate spoke to by the accompanying synthetic response; C6H12O6 > C4H8O2 + 2CO2 + 2H2. As per a Harvard clinical examination, ladies are at more danger of capitulating to coronary illness when they purchaser manufactured spread contrasted with regular margarine. On the other, expending regular spread, helps increment the ingestion of a wide cluster of supplements in the food we devour. Characteristic margarine contains a more extensive exhibit of dietary advantages than engineered spread since they are made. As far as taste, characteristic spread tastes better than manufactured margarine since it is equipped for animating improving the taste buds and food flavors. What's more, engineered margarine is fit for bringing down HDL cholesterol in the human body though common spread doesn't. Contrasted with common spread, manufactured margarine has been set up to cause negative impact on the wellbeing of the individuals who expend it. These incorporate expanding the danger of capitulating to specific malignant growths multiple times contrasted with normal margarine. Besides, manufactured spread diminishes the nature of bosom and diminishes the reaction of insulin and invulnerability in the human body (Cooper, 2009). For this situation, the most critical correlation among characteristic and engineered spread is their concoction structure. The compound organization of normal spread mixes well with the unsaturated fats of our bodies. Then again, the concoction structure and sythesis of engineered spread bears negative consequences for the human body. In synopsis, one type of margarine happens normally, and the other is man made. Measurably, they are bot h viewed as unfortunate for human utilization. By the by, on the off chance that one needs to settle on a decision, they ought to pick to picked characteristic spread and expend it in limited quantities. Rasberry versus Synthetic Rasberry Characteristic raspberry is regularly gotten from incorporating coumaroyl-CoA. The extraction of unadulterated and regular raspberry ketone ordinarily yields around 2-5 mg for each kilo of raspberries. Subsequently, expending raspberry natural products leaves, or seeds doesn't yield adequate metabolic boosting properties. The common accessibility of raspberry ketone low and this makes it difficult to acquire the required yield in a leaf, natural product, or seed remove. The favored type of raspberry ketone is consequently delivered artificially to get raspberry ketone powder. Both normal and engineered raspberry items offer excellent cancer prevention agents relying upon the measure of raspberry contained. To place this viewpoint into thought, so as to get 250 milligrams of unadulterated raspberry, one should expend somewhere in the range of sixty and 500 pounds of raspberries. It along these lines bodes well to orchestrate the compound (Cooper, 2009). Both normal and integrated raspberry ketone contains ellagic corrosive. This is a type of compound performs hostile to cancer-causing capacities against different cancer-causing agents. When devoured in the perfect sum, raspberry ketone has been demonstrated fit for forestalling high incited fat rises in the body. Since it is difficult to expend this much raspberry ketone from normal raspberry, this must be accomplished from devouring blended raspberry. Once expended, the raspberry ketone compound incites the arrival of norepinephrine in the body. Subsequently, norepinephrine actuates glucose discharge from vitality supplements just as expanding the breakdown of triglycerides to isolate unsaturated fats. The general portrayal of raspberry ketone is spoken to by the accompanying; Source: Examine .com. Raspberry Ketones Vanilla Extract versus Pure Vanilla Measurably, ninety-seven percent of the vanilla utilized for its different reasons for existing is engineered, and the utilization of unadulterated vanilla is pretty much nothing. Vanilla concentrate is regularly fabricated from eugenol (olive oil) or through separating lignin items from conifer, for example, picea and tidy. Synthetically, unadulterated vanilla has well more than 200 essential synthetic concoctions that give it its trademark smell and taste that make it difficult to imitate. The primary exacerbate that gives unadulterated vanilla its trademark taste is alluded to as vanillin. Madagascan vanillin has multiple times more vanillin fixation. Unadulterated vanilla requires no sugar be included and doesn't turn sour. Generally, it ages like fine alcohol. FDA measures necessitate that unadulterated vanilla contain fourteen ounces of vanilla beans and thirty-five percent alcohols in each gallon during extraction (Gmehling, 2004). Principally, vanilla concentrate is integrate d from fake flavorings that for the most part achieved from wood results and ordinarily contain synthetic concoctions. Contrasting palates between unadulterated

Analysis of the New Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Investigation of the New Market - Essay Example GSK (GlaxoSmithKline), headquartered in Brentford, England, is a worldwide pharmaceutical organization. Established in 2000, GSK is positioned to be 6th biggest (by income) pharmaceutical organization on the planet (GSK Our Company). Its top selling drugs are Advair, Flovent and Ventolin and a few different antibodies like diphtheria, lockjaw, hepatitis B, and so on. GSK works in a few south Asian nations, similar to Bangladesh. This paper is centered around new market examination of Bangladesh with the point of propelling Scott Emulsion result of the organization. It additionally incorporates the investigation of the market condition by PESTLE examination to see if it is a forthcoming business sector of the item or not (GSK Scott’s Emulsion). Prior to propelling any item, an organization ought to investigate the market to guarantee that the item will be acknowledged by the clients or not. Pharmaceuticals are one of the most significant assembling ventures in Bangladesh. The business meets very nearly 97 percent of the neighborhood needs and it likewise fares to around 80 nations. The other top pharmaceutical organizations in the nation are Square Pharmaceuticals, Incepta, Beximco, Acme, Opsonin, and so forth. Among them, Square Pharmaceuticals hold the greatest piece of the pie of around 20%, trailed by Incepta and Beximco at 9% and 8.35% separately. Scott Emulsion is a nutrient enhancement made out of cod liver oil, nutrient A, D, and so forth (Mph-bd. Cod liver oil). Other comparable cod liver oil nutrient enhancements in the Bangladesh advertise are, Cod oil by Rangs Pharmaceuticals, Cod liver oil by Drug International, Codcap by Incepta, Codliv SG by Pacific Pharmaceuticals, and Codvit by Opsonin Pharma Ltd (FiercePha rma The main 10 pharma organizations by 2013 income). The business investigation is finished utilizing the Porter’s five powers. The five powers are danger of new contestant, danger of substitute, dealing intensity of purchasers, haggling intensity of providers, and competition among firms. Danger of New Entrant: The

Funny College Essays

Funny College EssaysThere is no better way to express the true feelings of a college student than through funny college essays. Even if you are a college freshman, you can use these essays to express your feelings about life, or your interests, or anything else that will make your classmates laugh.There are many college essay topics that involve celebrities, movies, pop culture, and the absurd. The topics are endless, and they do not have to be serious either. What is important is that you include a humorous part to make your audience think.If you want to write a funny essay on something very serious like life and death, then go for it. Death comes in many forms, but if you are writing about it, you should be able to create an emotional response. You could even use the ghostly 'screams' of the dead as a part of your essay. I bet that will catch the attention of the professor.Another category of college essay topics are humor-based topics. This includes topics like political satire, l egal humor, or even parodies of popular movies. You should have some ideas for your humorous topics ready before you start. Be creative, but also consider how the subject will be received.There are many websites which have college topic ideas that you can find. There are some very helpful and easy to use sites that you can find by simply doing a search on Google. You will find forums that have college essay topics that you can use. Do a quick search to find out what other students are using for their college essays.The internet is a nice place to start when you are thinking about how to write your essay. It will give you the ability to look at a variety of different topics. I think the best way to get ideas is to simply look at other essays in the same category as yours. It will give you ideas for your own essay as well.As a new college student, you may be taking a lot of life lessons from your professors. If you ever wondered what the best ways to learn about life are, then ask you r instructor to give you a sample college essay. They will surely love to help you find out what this or that topic is all about.Remember, college life is one of the most important parts of a person's life. With the help of a few new friends, and a little help from your professor, you can write hilarious and sometimes inspiring college essays.

Victorian Societys Treatment of the Poor in Oliver Twist...

How does Charles Dickens expose Victorian societys awful treatment of the poor? In my essay I am going to talk about the way Charles Dickens uses Oliver Twist to expose the maltreatment of the poor, by analysing the text. In the early 19th century the industrial revolution started (the building of lots of factories and mills) which drew many countryside paupers into the towns. They hoped for a better life and job, but this was seldom the case because conditions were bad and wages were a pittance even if they were lucky enough to be employed. The owners of the factories got very rich and the workers were extremely poor. The desperately poor unemployed people were rounded up and put into an institution called the workhouse.†¦show more content†¦A bad attitude is directed at Oliver by the workhouse staff immediately. The surgeon thinks that its very likely that it will be troublesome and his solution for this would be to give it a little gruel This is not really very fair considering that Oliver has not yet had a chance to develop a character. Dickens also ridicules the clothes that Oliver was assigned. They are describe d as old and robes and to have grown yellow in the same service. This tells us that they have wrapped up many a child before which in turn tells us that the workhouse did things as cheaply as possible. Mrs Mann is the boss of the workhouse that Oliver was farmed to a little after his birth. When she sees Mr Bumble at the gate she realises that he wants to see Oliver because it is his 9th birthday today so she immediately reacts: Susan, take Oliver and them two brats upstairs and wash them directly She referrers to them as dear children when speaking to Bumble which is obviously not what she reallyShow MoreRelatedThe Upbringing Of Orphans By Charles Dickens And Jane Eyre1714 Words   |  7 Pagesupbringing of Orphans in a time of social injustice. The 19th century Victorian era contrasted of different social classes; the wealthy, the working and the poor classes, which led to the forms of social order in society. It also encompassed some of the most famous literary works that till today impact the lives of many, and leads readers to wonder about the injustices of the conditions of the orphans. The novels Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens 1838 and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte 1847 depictedRead MoreLiterary Criticism of Oliver Twist Essay2020 Words   |  9 PagesLiterary Criticism of Oliver Twist Charles Dickens shows notable amounts of originality and morality in his novels, making him one of the most renowned novelists of the Victorian Era and immortalizing him through his great novels and short stories. One of the reasons his work has been so popular is because his novels reflect the issues of the Victorian era, such as the great indifference of many Victorians to the plight of the poor. The reformation of the Poor Law 1834 brings even moreRead MoreIrony, satire and humour in Oliver Twist1656 Words   |  7 Pageshumour in Oliver Twist. There are multiple examples throughout Oliver Twist of irony, satire and humour. Although a dark novel, there are many moments of humour and an extraordinary amount of chuckling, giggling and knee-slapping by characters. Each of the literary techniques of humour, irony and satire, employed by Dickens help add focus and depth on the various conflicts between the novels outcasts and its established society. It is impossible to cover all avenues within Oliver Twist that mightRead MoreNancy as the Most Important Character in Oliver Twist Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesNancy as the Most Important Character in Oliver Twist Charles dickens wrote Oliver Twist in 1837, during the Victorian era of England, he was born in Landport, a suburb of Portsea, on February 7, 1812. He was their first child of eight siblings. John Dickens, Charless father, was not good with handling the familys money. He was then imprisoned for debt on February 20, 1824. This experience left Charles psychologically scarred. Charles had to take the role of beingRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of The Victorian Era2569 Words   |  11 Pages The Industrial Revolution of the Victorian Era was a time of development and underdevelopment. While the technology was improving, the social class structure and treatment of the underprivileged stayed the same. Social injustices at the time were often overlooked, but there were many Victorian writers, including Charles Dickens that wrote social commentaries regarding to these issues. Dickens sympathizes with society’s underprivileged because he had experienced similar injustices as a child. HisRead More Society’s Attitude Towards Under Privileged Children in the Novel Oliver Twist3983 Words   |  16 PagesSociety’s Attitude Towards Under Privileged Children in the Novel Oliver Twist ‘Oliver Twist’ is one of Charles Dickens most enduringly popular novels. Best known for his host of distinctively cruel, comic and repugnant characters, Charles Dickens remains the most widely read of the Victorian novelists. ‘Oliver Twist’, a meek, mild young boy, is born in the workhouse and spends his early years there until, finding the audacity to ask for more food, â€Å"Please, sir, I want some more.† he isRead More Prostitution and Victorian Society Essay2538 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Prostitution looms large in the Victorian consciousness. The image of the fallen woman reflects the Victorian upper classes ideas about sexuality, gender and class. The prostitute is a staple of 19th century fiction. Debate about prostitution is also a reflection of cultural anxiety about urbanization. Victorian ideas about fallenness create the ideological assumptions behind the creation of the Contagious Diseases Acts. Through the control of sexuality, the Acts reinforced existing

Law Enforcement Should Be Allowed By Civilians Since It Is...

Thesis: Videotaping of Law enforcement should be allowed by civilians since it is a constitutional right of the people. Police can be videotaped while working in the public as long as specific conditions are met. Implementing new video technology both on the officer directly and in law enforcement departments, will help to reduce tax payer money for wrongful prosecution and ensure civilian and law enforcements safety. Videotaping is, indeed, specified and protected by the first amendment to our constitution. Law enforcers and their administrative counterparts across the country have proclaimed for years, that citizens do not have the right to videotape officers while they conduct official police business. According to our constitution,†¦show more content†¦Videotaping is, indeed, stated and protected by the first amendment to our constitution. Public debate regarding this issue is, at the very least, a succinct directive established by the legal assembly and founding fathers by the statutory declarations of our country. With the evolution in electronics and video capabilities of civilians, many have turned into unofficial members of the media who wish to exercise and preserve their first amendment freedoms. Entering into any field of law enforcement in this day and age requires a much more advanced understanding of our legal system and constitutional privileges. With such an enormous amount of recent scrutiny on law enforcement personnel due to the vast amount of negative publicity that has begun to surface through the media, becoming a probation officer seems to have inherited a similar meaning to that of any type of law enforcement representative. Being an advocate for the innocent victims of often times, violent crimes, holds some level of reward. It also forces new and established officers of the courts to maintain professionalism and lawful duties. A career in probationary duties is a great substitute to serving as a sworn officer; still, it is n ot for everyone. Civilian or non-sworn positions flourish in most probation and parole agencies these days, especially with the higher demand for space needed in prisons and jails and an increase in statistical criminal activity. Most people

Freedom to Love Essays - 1088 Words

There are different kinds of partners in the world: Black, White, Asian, Straight, Gay, etc. However, not all of them are accepted by the society. Holding someone’s hand in public? It may be the sweetest, most innocent and natural of gesture of affection. However, when it comes to a couple with the same sex, things become completely different. People may think it is disgusting. Therefore, gay couples have to tolerate others’ disgust looks and nasty words, or sometimes even worse -- a punch. The topic of whether we should support homosexuality has become more and more controversial in recent years. Although it seems like an awkward topic to write with, I still believe people should change their opinions on homosexuals. They do nothing†¦show more content†¦Let’s round up the gays. Let’s round up the blacks. I mean, it starts with that.†(Herszenhorn 2) We can call people who killed Jews totalitarians; we can call people who have prejudices on b lack racialists; however, how can we call those people who have a bias towards homosexuals? Why are the government dictating what two people can or cannot do when nobody is hurt in the process? Nowadays, a large number of gay girls, boys, women, and men choose to remain hidden to society due to fear and personally internalized homophobia. However, falling in love with a same-sex person is not their fault. The fact is that we were not able to determine the seeds of who we were to become. We had no choice about many aspects of our new body and mind, including our sexual orientation. Therefore, government should not put regulations on human nature. Instead, we must offer a sympathetic ear to the pains and genuine struggles of homosexuals. Speaking of the government, I believe it is also not reasonable to make same-sex marriage illegal. Why should the governments have the right to decide who can get married and who cannot? Marriage is a â€Å"long-held, established civil institution ba sed upon cultural expectations of long-term committed monogamy and mutual respect between two non- related adults participating in a mutually consensual, intimate relationship.†(Homosexuality 1) It is a basic human right and an individual personal choice andShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Freedom For Love? Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is Freedom to Love? Some would say that freedom to love is, having no limitations or boundaries. To see everyone equally. Many would say that freedom to love is, to give ones life for another. I agree with both statements but I would go further to say that freedom to love is not only an act or a response but it is a lifestyle. Something that defines you. Something that make you, who you are. As proud Americans, this month we celebrate the freedom that we have in this country and theRead More Love and Freedom Essay3686 Words   |  15 PagesLove and Freedom What is love? Is it something we do or something we can know? Some classify love as something that you feel for some people sometimes. It is often linked or used interchangeably with lust. Others feel that it is something that is constant and untouched by judgement and feeling. The only common denominator for love is that it is something that is desirable; it is something that we want. So what do people want? Many philosophies pose answers; but those answers frequentlyRead MoreThe Theme Of Love And Freedom In Kindred1026 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Better to die fighting for freedom then be a prisoner all the days of your life† (Bob Marley). It all begins with Dana Franklin and everything she has to do in order to both save her ancestry as well as keep love and freedom in her life. It is 1976 in Maryland and Dana Franklin is a black woman married to a white man named Kevin Franklin. One day after moving houses, Dana begins to feel dizzy and faints. When she wakes, s he realizes she is no longer in 1976 and must save a boy, Rufus WeylinRead MoreThe Freedom Of The Free Love Movement Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pages Sexuality no longer held strong ties to procreation and soon sex became more for pleasure. Furthermore, women now had some choice of whether/when they wanted to have children. The free love movement was one of the many social groups that challenged the sexual ideologies of their time. However, free love holds great significance in that their message soon became the â€Å"middle-class sexual ideology† (D’Emilio 165). Their message was that â€Å"neither church nor state should limit the expression of sexualRead MoreThemes Of Love And Freedom In World Literature837 Words   |  4 PagesLove and freedom! Where do Love and Freedom show up in the same place? 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Towards the beginning of the novelRead MoreAmericans love freedom we love money we love capitalism. Capitalism is most definitely an1200 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans love freedom; we love money; we love capitalism. Capitalism is most definitely an element of dominant culture amongst the citizens of the United States. In American culture it is easy to see that many of our institutions, including public schools, indoctrinate the children whom they serve with a common American idealism: capitalism is good, communism is bad. Being a citizen of the United States and not being a capitalist is verging upon the fringe of an unwritten taboo. If there isRead MoreEssay about Jane Eyre: The Freedom of Love1842 Words   |  8 PagesParallel to many of the great feministic novels throughout literary history, Jane Eyre is a story about the quest for authentic love. However, Jane Eyre is unique and separate from other romantic pieces, in that it is also about a woman searching for a sense of self-worth through achieving a degree of independence. Orphaned and dismissed at an early age, Jane was born into a modest lifestyle that was characterized by a form of oppressive servitude of which she had no autonomy. She was busy spendingRead MoreSexual Love And The Freedom And Happiness Shared By Two Lovers Essay823 Words   |  4 PagesThe Song portrays the virtue of sexual love and the freedom and happiness shared by two lovers. The Song speaks of a sexual love between man and woman who stands equally before each other in the privacy of their intimacy with no consciousness of the hierarchies of their public world. Equal standing in its most encompassing meaning—neither one is superior nor inferior, but equally ready to initiate and invite, equally desiring and eager to please and be pleased, both transparent about fantasies andRead MoreEssay about Finding the Balance of Love and Freedom in Jane Eyre1339 Words   |  6 PagesSimilar to many of the great feministic novels of its time, Jane Eyre purely emerges as a story focused on the quest for love. The novel’s protagonist, Jane, searches not only for the romantic side of love, but ultimately for a sense of self-worth and independence. Set in the overlapping times of the Victorian and Gothic periods, the novel touches upon both women’s supposed rights, and their inner struggle for liberty. Orphaned at an early age, Jane was born into a modest lifestyle, without any major

Police Brutality Essay Example For Students

Police Brutality Essay Police Brutality Essay When one thinks of police misconduct many not too distant stories might go through our heads. Most adults will remember how they felt when they saw the brutal beating of Rodney King on their local news station; or the outrage they experienced when they heard that the evidence in the OJ Simpson trial had been tampered with. But thanks to new guidelines, procedures and even civilian groups who now police the police, instances of police misconduct may soon start seeing a decline. In the past police misconduct was loosely defined, if at all. But with recent cases receiving so much news coverage legal definitions have been worked out. The term police deviance includes brutality, discrimination, sexual harassment, intimidation and illicit use of weapons (Barker and Carter, 1986). Another definition of police misconduct is when police officers violate: 1.formally written normative rules 2. traditional operating procedures 3.regulations and procedures of police and other public service agencies 4. criminal and civil laws (Linch and Diamond, 1983) Recently, an Inglewood police officer was captured on videotape slamming a sixteen-year old boy on the trunk of a squad car and punching him in the face even though the youngster was handcuffed. A year after the King atrocity, two white Detroit police officers bludgeoned Malice Green to death with their flashlights tearing off part of his scalp. Three years later, five foot five inch-one hundred forty five pound Johnny Gammage was pulled over while driving through a predominantly white Pittsburgh suburb, only to be choked and beaten to death after allegedly attacking five white police officers. In 1997, a New York City police officer rammed a stick from a toilet plunger six inches into the rectum of Abner Louima rupturing his intestines (Troutt 6). To make matters worse the officer stuck the soiled stick into the victims mouth. Two years later, Amadou Diallo and former pro football player Demetrius DuBose were murdered by New York City and San Diego police respectively. Diallo was shot by four white plain-clothes officers while standing in the vestibule of his own Bronx apartment building. According to the officers upon approaching the building Diallo stepped back inside as if to hide. When Diallo reached into his pocket the officers fired a total of 41 shots, striking him 19 times. What the police thought was a gun turned out to be a wallet (Jeffries,2001) That summer, DuBose, previously of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and New York Jets was shot by two white San Diego police officers. The officers were investigating a burglary when they happened upon the multi-millionaire and Notre Dame graduate. An investigation by the familys attorney revealed that DuBose cooperated with the officers investigation until they began to ;harass and intimidate; him (Amnesty International 1999a). The officers claimed that DuBose charged at them with a pair of nunchakus sticks, a martial arts weapon that he allegedly wrestled away from one of them. Several onlookers said DuBose was shot in the back (Perry A3). To add insult to injury after shooting DuBose the officers stood over his body for more than ten minutes before calling an ambulance (Amnesty International 1999c). An autopsy report revealed that DuBose was shot twelve times, six in the back (Perry A3). When asked to explain how a young man of DuBoses stature could end up being killed in this manner San Diegos police chief called it an isolated incidentan aberration (Jeffries, 2001) Ms.Cheng, a member of the Oct 22 Coalition say that as of 1990 more than 2000 deaths have resulted because of police brutality. In more than 30 cases suspects have been shot, killed or injured by NYC police officers in questionable circumstances in recent years. Breast Cancer Essay Their are two kinds of police brutality. One occurs when emotions run high for example, during mass demonstrations or riots. The other kind is carried out systematically and regularly in the line of duty and is often times fueled by stress, frustration, racial intolerance or for intimidation. The second type of misconduct is deliberate and calculating and is potentially more disturbing to .

Life of Alex Sander free essay sample

1) Investigate the 360 feedback system as a performance evaluation tool. List key advantages and problems associated with this method. 360 degree feedback system as a performance evaluation tool as long as the understanding of its intent is understood. â€Å"There are three key steps in the successful implementation of 360 degree feedback systems in an organization. The three steps are that it must fit the organizations culture, make it psychometrically sound, and used with care† (â€Å"Best Practices†, 2012). It is also important to train the feedback providers to be sensitive, respectful and polite.Treating employees in a friendly and respectful manner and offering constructive advice will make them more open to accepting the performance appraisal system. Major advantage to the 360 feedback system is that it provides an opportunity for all the employees associated with the project to offer feedback. All members of the project are to be evaluated on a scale that is defined by the organization to insure fairness and accuracy. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of Alex Sander or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another advantage of the 360 feedback system is that it is designed with customer focus in mind. The customers can be internal or external.Employees may not understand the impact their daily activities have on other individuals or departments within the company. This provides essential feedback to the employees which may have a positive effect on his/her performance for future projects. The 360 evaluation is particularly strong when coupled with an action plan developed by the person receiving feedback and shared with those who provided the feedback. The main disadvantage to using the 360 feedback system is that management and employees may not be trained correctly on how to effectively use the process.Another problem that occurs with this type of system is with its consistency in using this process. Companies sometimes get overwhelmed with other important issue and forget or do not have time to conduct this evaluation in a proper time frame or not at all. This will provide unreliable information for improvement on the next project. 2) What challenges does Alex face relating to the unity of command principle at Landon Care Products? Alex faces many challenges when relating to the unity of command principle. Working through the chain of command, designated supervisors or managers coordinates the work of their subordinates† (â€Å"Chapter Summary†). Alex shows having problems with authority and is very unconcerned with what his immediate supervisor Sam Glass’s perception of his project management skills are and what Glass has to say. Alex shows a lack of concern about the company’s other responsibilities and projects. This was apparent when meeting other virtual team members. The German team members had concerns over the time line that Alex wanted to get things done in and this was in conflict with other commitments that they had already made.Alex refers to every project that he works as â€Å"my product† and â€Å"my brand† which he should refer to them as Landon’s product and Landon’s brand. Alex should show respect and listen to what Glass has to say. Alex is not only showing disrespect to Glass but to the entire organization by not fully participating in the 360 feedback system. 3) Given Alex’s overall skill set, approach, and personality, will Alex be successful in future projects that are more demanding and require influence over strategic decisions?Alex’s overall skill set, approach, and personality at the present time will have a negative impact on future projects that are more demanding and require influence over strategic decisions. Even though his understanding and willingness to learn is exceptional, when dealing with people Alex expects that team members and peers to understand things the same way he does. This is a problem when communicating tasks and objectives to the team. The approach that he takes to get tasks accomplished is to place â€Å"fear† in the project team. Alex intimidates his team members to work.This form of management promotes resentment and unnecessary stress on the organization, which in many cases causes mistakes. The personality that is portrayed by Alex is that he is the best and no one can do it better. This type of personality causes a problem in communication and has a negative effect on stakeholder and other members of upper-management. Understandably his direct supervisor, Sam Glass wants to keep Alex on his team because of his performance of meeting the project goals and finishing them on time and in budget.Unfortunately Glass is receiving negative comments from his colleagues over Alex’s negative personality when dealing with members of the organization. 4) If you were Alex’s boss, what action would you take based on the 360 feedback and your overall assessment of Alex? As Alex’s immediate supervisor I would schedule a meeting to discuss and review the 360 feedback on this project. By scheduling a meeting this would establish that there is a necessity for changes to be made in his project management skills. After reviewing the 360 feedback system I would make several uggestions to Alex Sanders on the results of the responses made. First I would explain to Alex that this was not a meeting to criticize his work ethic but to give insight on ways to improve his project management skills. I would explain to Alex that the company believes in his ability to accomplish projects and that is why he was given the opportunity to be the project manager over two very important projects simultaneously. I would reiterate Alex’s aggressiveness, intelligent and willingness to work hard is illustrated in the accomplishments he has made for the organization.His ability to multitask and problem solve is a credit to his project management skills. As Alex’s supervisor it is also my job to discuss points of concern and suggest ways of improvement. The first concern is over trust of the employee’s capability to accomplish task on their own. The responsibility of a project manager is to delegate appropriate tasks and ensure project control and adherence to the project plan. This lack of trust was illustrated when Alex Sander showed a lack of interpersonal skill when failing to communicate correctly to Hansen Long over a task that was assigned and effectively taking the task away from Long.I would make Alex aware that fear is not a powerful motivator and this type of environment causes unwarranted stress on the team members. This type of management will manifest into resentment of team members. Another concern that was mentioned in the feedback package was the lack of organizational skills when dealing with other project managers. Even though there is lot of positive comments on Alex’s ability to be a project manager but they do not see him as a leader.As Alex’s supervisor I would like to work with him to ensure his success as a project manager in the organization and discuss better ways to communicate his requirements of others to help eliminate the negative feedback. 5) Is Landon Care Products organized through departmentation by function or departmentation by product? Which departmentation method do you believe would work best for Landon? â€Å"Departmentation by function groups similar tasks within their own function, with sub functions, as appropriate and divisions may also be made by occupational categories† (â€Å"organization structure†, 1994).Departmentation by function has the advantage of specialized areas and a broad base of technical personnel within each functional department. The disadvantage to this type of departmentation is that it has slower results and lack of o wnership which discourages commitment. â€Å"Departmentation by product organizes employees based on which product line or set of services they work with. Each product line has a department of its own, and each department has specialists in all of the functions needed to produce and sell that product, such as marketing, manufacturing, accounting and human resources† (â€Å"Functional Vs.

Describing Sizes and Dimensions in Spanish

Describing Sizes and Dimensions in Spanish Here are three common ways to express measurements in Spanish. Deciding which ones to use is largely a matter of personal preference since they are interchangeable in most cases.   1. Medir   This verb, which is conjugated irregularly, generally means to measure. Examples: Mido cinco pies y cinco pulgadas de alto. (I measure 5 feet, 5 inches tall.) Los cientà ­ficos hallaron un fà ³sil que mide dos metros de largo. (The scientists found a fossil that measures two meters long.) 2. Tiene This verb literally means to have. It can be used to directly indicate dimensions. It also is conjugated irregularly. Examples: El centro comercial tiene tres kilà ³metros de largo. (The commercial center is three kilometers long.) Si antes tenà ­a cinco metros de profundidad, ahora tiene dos. (If it was five meters deep before, its now two meters.) 3. Ser de This is the rough equivalent of saying in English that something is a certain size. Note the use of the preposition de, which is not translated to English. This method of describing dimensions is less common than the other two. Examples: El rea es de 160 metros cuadrados. (The area is 160 square meters.) Las dimensiones del nuevo almacà ©n son de 25 por 70 metros, y la altura es de ocho metros. (The horizontal dimensions of the new warehouse are 25 by 70 meters, and its height is 8 meters.)

The economics of broadway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The economics of broadway - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to agree with this statement "the economics of broadway are harsh and unforgiving because it is virtually impossible to raise substantially the productivity of performance.yet a long run,especially a musical,can minimize the potential for financial problem". High Prices of tickets:The price of tickets in at broadway theatre in recent times is known to be on the high side.And due to the high cost of tickets,people now decide to go to the theatre fewer times compared to before.They are only prepared to pay for the high cost of tickets when there is a hit performance.And visiting the theatre has now become an event rather than a habit.This tantamounts to the drop in productivity of performance. Price Discrimination:One point supporting this notion is that economics of Broadway is harsh is the issue of price discrimination in the theatre.These involve the non- uniformity in prices of tickets.Different seats qualities do have different prices to them.Also discount prices which are targetted at customers with low willingness to pay,result in prices that differ from the uniform set price. Selling of tickets at half-prices on the day of performance at a discount booth is seen as a damaged good that further discriminates among self-selecting customers.

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Management - Essay Example It will discuss upon the micro environment, macro environment, and the future strategic implications of the organization. Hollister Co. Hollister Co., generally known as promoted as HCo or Hollister, is a lifestyle brand based in America and has been originated by Abercrombie & Fitch Co. Hollister Co. has presented a concept, which is actually made to catch the attention of the young segment of consumers aged between 14 and18. It offers reasonable, rather lower, price point as compared to the parent brand. The major promotion of the brand is done by the inspiration of casual wear and image of SoCal. The company provides the goods both through online platforms and the company’s own stores (Hollister California, 2012). Goods are available in-store and through the company's online store. The company is acknowledged to be the owner of the United States’ second most ideal and preferred brand of amongst the teen’s segment as indicated in the list of actual West Coast c ompanies issued by Piper Jaffray for the year 2008. Initially, the company opened up its first store in Columbus, Ohio at the Easton Town Centre in July 2000. The drastic success of HCO made it noticeable for Abercrombie & Fitch Co. that the Abercrombie & Fitch brand was superseded by the HCo brand. The A&F brand was properly made to stand out in competition from HCo. Brand through the use of materials of higher quality and there were strict introductions of construction in the A&F facility for goods and clothing. This made the cost of merchandise go higher with the store mainly centring its resources and attention on the clothing for the consumer segment aged between 11 and17 years. Hollister Co produces and sells accessories and apparel for women and men. The products of the company includes knits, logo tees, sweaters, shirts, pants, jeans, outerwear, shorts, tanks, winter wear, and sleepwear; and bracelets, necklaces, hats, totes, caps, belts, scarves, and flip flops. The brand a lso offers to its consumers a wide variety of perfumes, colognes, gloss products and lip shine, lip balms, and body care products, along with the gift cards (Bloomberg Businessweek, 2012). Along with many other countries, the company operates in Canada, UK, and US and owns more than 1,039 stores all across the world with over 80,100 employees. Macro Analysis An organization can be judged for its competitiveness, strengths and other factors on the basis of its macro environment. The factors contained in the organization’s macro environment are those elements which influence the organization in an indirect manner but do not give it the ability to control them. These factors include the PESTEL analysis of the industry which stands for political, economic, social and technological, environmental and legal factors. They are described as below: Political Factors The political factors comprise of the government decisions which have an indirect or direct impact on the organizationâ⠂¬â„¢s activities. In this context, A&F operates in many countries which have an economy that is free-market oriented with regulations and rules to safeguard the intelligent rights and patents from being copied. These patens assist the organizations to protect their rights on any property that they own. However, other political implications that A&F is required to follow include the rules and regulations such as rights of workers, employees, and shareholders. Since, the

Stereotypes of women in the play Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes of women in the play Essay Woman in Aeschylus’s Agamemnon are perceived as untrustworthy and ignorant characters. The role of women in ancient Greek life, was considered to be insignificant compared to that of Greek men. And yet, in tragedies, women were often written as major characters, revealing insights on how women were treated and thought of in society. Many well-known Greek plays contain several well-written, complex, female characters. Each female character takes upon herself, the role of villain, the role of victim, and the role of heroine. Drama and theatre in the ancient Greek world expresses the communities’ concerns in regards to their ambitions, fears, hope and their deepest sympathy. In Greek drama, playwrights often included pivotal female roles, despite the fact that the cast was strictly male. The role of women in ancient Greek life is deemed irrelevant compared to that of Greek men, however, in tragedies, women are often written as major characters, revealing important insights on the perceptions and treatment of women in society. For a woman to possess qualities such as leadership and strength is not typical, in fact it is seen as masculine and un-ladylike. Many Greek plays contain several complex female characters; Aeschylus is a playwright whom incorporates a very complex female character, Clytemnestra in his play Agamemnon. Although Clytemnestra is one of the most recognizable and noted female villains due to her involvement in the murder of her husband and his concubine, one can argue that her actions are justifiable. Whether her vengeful actions are triggered by the death of her daughter Iphigenia, her love for Aegisthus or the jealousy of her husband’s mistress Cassandra, either is motive enough to make her turn to evil. There is a quote made by the chorus that suggest evidence that women are incompetent and over emotional for leadership, It is very like a woman in command to concede gratitude before the facts appear: too ready to persuade, a female ranges beyond her boundary, quick to move; but doom is quick for rumour when a woman spreads it, and it is destroyed. (483-487) With these words, the Chorus expresses a stereotyped view of women as emotional and irrational. From my reading of the play as a whole, I asked myself the question did the female characters in the play actually live up to this stereotype? As I pondered upon this I knew the answer was No. The women in this play are fierce and merciless, and do as they wish. Even though they have a dark cloud of gender prejudice overhead they go against this and stand above all. As for the male characters, their are clearly some who are very rational and dont get their hopes up too early; both the Watchman and the Herald seem to fit this description. Based on the way all of the characters in the play are depicted I personally think Aeschylus does not agrees with the Choruss opinion of women. Just like many explore argumentative themes, Aeschulus decided to explore gender inequalities and hierarchies in a time when this topic was importantly relevant. In a patriarchal society like that of ancient Greece, it would be pretty hard to have a play with a fearsome female villain like Clytemnestra and not have the issue of gender play a prominent role. At many points in Agamemnon, we hear characters utter stereotyped views about women, but it isnt clear how much Aeschylus endorses these. For example, the Chorus frequently remarks on how women are irrational and dont pay attention to the facts. The Chorus members intend this as a criticism of Clytemnestra, but do we really see her being irrational or making factual mistakes? Evil though it is, Clytemnestras murder plot definitely required careful (i. e. , rational) planning, and she was right about the signal fire from Troy, which the Chorus doubted. Also, the Chorus is majorly wrong in mistaking the appearance of Clytemnestra for what it really means, when they cant believe she will be Agamemnons killer. Clytemnestras actions do, however bear out another cultural stereotype in the play: that women are untrustworthy. (Of course, it could also be said that Agamemnon is untrustworthy, since he sacrificed his own daughter. ) At the end of the play, when the Chorus makes fun of Aegisthus by calling him a woman for not going to war and using deception to get back at Agamemnon, does this question or reinforce stereotypes? Absolutely. There is many similarities between Aeschules’s Play on gender inequality and stereotyping and experiences of those of the 1950’s. The role of women in the 1950 was repressive and constructive in many ways. Society placed high importance and many expectations on behavior at home as well as in public. Women were supposed to fulfill certain roles, such as a caring mother, a diligent homemaker, and a obedient wife. The mother was supposed to stay at home and nurture so society would accept them. The basics of the inept woman were: the woman driver, the over-spender who cannot budget, and the basic downfall of man. This all ties back to the women in Agamemnon, despite the male characters never ending humility and doubtfulness of intelligence the women, there is a strong prevalence and honor for the female sex among woman. Here is a poignant example of strong clystamnestras femininity†¦ I cried out my joy long ago, when the first night-messenger of fire came telling of Ilions capture and destruction. And someone said in reproof, Have beacon-watchers persuaded you to think that Troy is now ransacked? Truly like a woman to let her heart be lifted! Words such as those made me seem astray; nevertheless I went on sacrificing, and people in all parts of the city shrilled cries of joy in womens custom, in grateful triumph, lulling the fragrant flame that devoured their sacrifice at the gods seats. And now, for the longer account, what need have you to give it me? I shall learn the whole story from my lord himself; and I must hasten to give my revered husband the best of welcomes now he has come back. For what light of day is sweeter to a wife to see than this, with the gates opened up when god has brought back her husband safely from campaign? Take this message away to my husband, to come as soon as possible; he is the citys beloved darling. As to his wife, I wish he may find her when he comes just as faithful in his home as the one he left behind, the houses watch-dog to him while hostile to ill-wishers, and similar in everything else, with no seal broken in the length of time; and I know no more of pleasure from another man, nor talk of blame, than I do of dipping bronze. There you have my boast; its fullness with the truth makes it no shame for a woman of my nobility to proclaim. (587-614)| | I’ve quoted this entire long speech by Clytemnestra because of the sheer wealth of conflicting images of femininity it offers. At the beginning of the speech, we see her offering a counterargument to the sexist stereotypes presented by the Chorus in the previous quotation. Contrary to how they claim women typically behave, Clytemnestra says that she was right about the fact that Agamemnon was coming home, and so hadnt gotten her hopes up for no reason. She drives this point home by saying that she doesnt want to hear any more secondhand information, but will wait to hear what her husband has to say when he gets home. For the rest of the speech, she interweaves various ideas of traditional femininity, pointing out how much she loves her husband, and how faithful she has been to him while he was gone. Aeschylus’s Greek tragedy, Agamemnon stereotypes of women in the play are quite evident. There is no rug sweeping of this topic at all, instead the reader is greeted with this issue at the beginning of the play. It seems like every male character especially the chorus are brash on the females and encounter them is unworthy, unintelligent and forgetful subhuman. Male characters in Agamemnon do not in the slightest take anything women say seriously and believe the right place for them in caring for baby and the home, similarity to that of the stereotypical housewife of the 1950’s. To much astonishment the women in the play prevail against all preconceptions about them. Probably the most is Clytamnestra, who killed her husband because he sacrificed her beloved daughter to succeed his army. Clytamnestra was a strong woman and never apologized for what she did, but admitted to it with dignity and honor. Women of Agamemnon serve as a fine example to the idea that even though women might be placed in a situation that has placed in a unfair hierarchy of gender, we women must triumph and overcome biases just like our sisters have done for millenniums; we must be brave and endure so we can succeed and show that we can do and be just about anything.

Blood Revenge In Julius Caesar :: essays research papers

“Et tu Brute?'; Caesar sputtered before falling into the darkness known as death. But this was not the end of Caesar however. Caesar returns to this world as a “shade'; or ghost form. In fact, in this form he exerts more influence over Brutus than he ever did in mortal form. “Caesar is more powerful in his spirit for to affect Brutus than in his mortal form. It is in this ghost form, Caesar full-fills his revenge on Brutus.'; (netessays.net) Revenge did not occur in the ancient world only in plays and stories. Revenge was a way of life, an every day belief of the ancient times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In ancient times, the times of the Greeks and Romans to be precise, the inhabitants believed that death was most certainly not the end. As a matter of fact, many of these people built entire religions around the prospect of life after death, such as the Greeks and the Romans. A strong belief of the Greeks was that the ghost or “shade'; was so extremely powerful that “many a time the murderer would mutilate his victim to flee the dead man’s direct revenge.'; (B-Revenge)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another strong belief in the idea of blood-revenge centered around native gods. The people of the time believed that the gods played an important role in blood-revenge, especially if one of their laws were defied. In the Odyssey, Zeus and Athena intervene on Odysseus’ behalf when Odysseus wishes to destroy the suitors that had plagued his palace for a number of years. Zeus intervenes after his sacred policy, his policy of hospitality, was violated and for that the suitors were punished. In Julius Caesar, there is no evidence of any specific gods interfering, such as dialogue or actions, but there are many supernatural occurrences. These omens show that something supernatural, be it a god or fate, knows what is going to occur in the near future. Therefore, the omens show evidence of god-like activity foreshadowing, either warning or maybe even sponsoring, the revenge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For every sin committed there is an unavoidable consequence, as is the case when the conspirators try to harness the future. Even though Brutus’ actions are noble, no one can ever hope to control history, those who try suffer a terrible fate. “Caesar, Brutus, and Cassius are all guilty of arrogance in believing they can control history; as a consequence, Caesar precipitates his own death and the other two merit the retribution that overtakes them.

Great Gatsby and Socio-Economical World of America Essay

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is not just a novel; rather it is the representation of an era. The story is about the moral decay that arouses in the American society in 1920s. It also shows the picture of the American dream getting corrupted by lust, greed and empty pursuit of pleasure. In other words it was the collision of subcultures. The wealthy and elite class found pleasure by throwing decadent parties and playing wild jazz music. On the other hand, the member of middle class was seduced by the dabbler lifestyle of the rich. Jay Gatsby was somewhat a mysterious one as people knew very little about his personal life. We finally find that Gatsby was involved in criminal activities to win his beloved Daisy’s attention. On the surface, The Great Gatsby is a story of unrequited love. The novel is based on the themes of love, revenge, desire for money and the suicide. But a careful analysis of the novel reveals that its major theme encompasses a much larger, less romantic scope. Through this novel, Fitzgerald has tried to portray a real picture of American society of 1920s. The story is set in the neighborhood of Long Island, New York. In this novel, we also find a reflection of disintegration of American dream which was about moral values and pursuit of success. The idea of American dream emerged in the Colonial period and it was based on the perception that success can be achieved by any individual, no matter what social position he possesses. What matters is his personal skills, hard work and efforts. A prototypical 1920s’ man has been described by the author Roland Marchand in his book in the following words: â€Å"Not only did he flourish in the fast-paced, modern urban milieu of skyscrapers, taxicabs, and pleasure-seeking crowds, but he proclaimed himself an expert on the latest crazes in fashion, contemporary lingo, and popular pastimes. † We find that Marchand’s definition is quite similar to the characters of Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald has presented the era of 1920s as the one in which social and moral values were weak and a moral decay ensued in American society. It was, in fact, an era which was marked by reckless pursuit of pleasure, amoral quest for money and certain lustful desires. The protagonist of this novel, Jay Gatsby is a wealthy, mysterious man residing in a Gothic mansion in West Egg. He is fond of throwing lavish parties every Saturday night. The sole purpose behind these ostentatious parties was the gaudy display of wealth. Most of the people who joined those parties, even didn’t know anything about Gatsby. They just wanted to be the part of such lavish parties so they could enjoy expensive wines and loud jazz music along with delicious foods. It is important to mention here that the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919, which banned the sale of alcohol, created a booming underworld designed to satisfy the huge demand for bootleg liquor among rich and poor alike. In that period, people started to make fortunes through the illegal business of liquor. Such a business made people rich overnight and turned them into millionaires. Besides, the World War I ended in 1918, and the young Americans, who had fought in the war, became highly disillusioned as the butcheries and the brutalities which they had witnessed in the war made their ideas about Victorian morality quite vague and blurred. Another aspect of that particular era was the sudden rise of stock market that resulted in the increase in national wealth and thus the phenomenon of materialism emerged. People started spending their newfound money in getting luxuries of life and they felt satiated by the gaudy display of their wealth. The narrator of the novel, Nick Carraway is a young man who has studied in Yale and then moves to New York. He becomes the neighbor of Jay Gatsby, who is famous for his opulent parties and lives in a grand Gothic mansion as described by Nick, â€Å"It was the factual imitation of some Hotel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool and more than fifty acres of lawn and garden†. (pg 4) Gradually they became friends and later on, Nick finds out that Gatsby has gathered his wealth through criminal activities. Gatsby tries to become the part of established aristocracy by attaining material wealth including a grand mansion, several servants and many automobiles. But he still wants the reassurance that whether all his efforts of money making have the desired impression or not. As on one occasion, he says to Nick, â€Å"My house looks well, doesn’t it? He demanded. â€Å"See how the whole front of it catches the light. † (pg68). As Scott Donaldson mentions in his article, â€Å"The culture of consumption on exhibit in The Great Gatsby was made possible by the growth of a leisure class in early-twentieth-century America. As the ovel demonstrates, this development subverted the foundations of the Protestant ethic, replacing the values of hard work and thrifty abstinence with a show of luxury and idleness. † It means that the phenomenon of becoming rich overnight and acquiring sudden wealth made the Americans idle and thus the once appreciated values of hard work and self reliance were replaced by the newly emerged trends of leisure and the pursuit of pleasure. This is why, much emphasis has been laid on the corruption of American dream as it was about hard work and personal efforts but it vanished gradually with the newly found wealth. Jay Gatsby madly loves a pretty damsel, Daisy Buchanan who is an East Egger. She is Nick’s cousin too. Here, it is important to keep in mind that the West Egg, where Gatsby and Nick live is a home to newly rich people. On the other hand, East Egg represents the established aristocracy. Gatsby wanted to win Daisy’s love also because she belonged to the established aristocracy and having her at his side would make him acceptable to that particular part of society. As Ray E. Canterbery states in his article, â€Å"Jay Gatsby wants to live with Daisy Buchanan because she is a member of the established American aristocracy of wealth. Gatsby lacks the maturity to realize that Daisy cannot be obtained by money alone and in a vulgar display of conspicuous consumption, he flaunts his nouveau wealth. † While reading the novel, one clearly finds out that the particular era mentioned in the book was marked by boundless greed, self satisfaction, infidelity and selfishness. Daisy’s husband, Tom Buchanan has an affair with a woman named Myrtle, whose husband is very poor and owns a worn out garage. Tom claims that he is in love with Myrtle but it was in fact, anything but love. On one occasion, we see that he treats his mistress very inhumanely as is mentioned in the novel: Some time toward midnight Tom Buchanan and Mrs. Wilson stood face to face discussing, in impassioned voices, whether Mrs. Wilson had any right to mention Daisy’s name. â€Å"Daisy! Daisy! Daisy! † shouted Mrs. Wilson. â€Å"I’ll say it whenever I want to! Daisy! Daisy† â€Å"Making a short deft movement, Tom Buchanan broke her nose with his open hand†. (pg27) As it is mentioned earlier that East and West Egg were different from each other in terms of their habitants, their ways of living. Their architecture and their tastes were also quite different from each other as the East Eggers were more refined and cultured whereas West Egg was the home of somewhat pretentious, gaudy people. Gatsby, himself was fond of throwing lavish parties as described in the book: â€Å"On weekends his (Gatsby’s) Rolls-Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight. Every Friday crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruitier in New York every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his backdoor in a pyramid of pulp less halves. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors-d’oeuvre, spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold†. (pg29) In order to become acceptable for the East Eggers or the established ones, Gatsby wears flamboyant dresses and has a collection of several big, huge cars. On one occasion, Tom makes fun of Gatsby’s car by calling it a â€Å"Circus Wagon†. But one thing was common among both (West and East Eggers) of them. They were lustful and pretentious. Jay Gatsby was, however, different in a sense that he truly loved Daisy. He waited for her five long years and didn’t forget her for even a single moment. He bought a mansion in West Egg so that Daisy could know about him as his opulent parties bore quite fame. When he met Daisy, he became very happy and contended but he also wanted her to leave Tom Buchanan for good. He waited whole night outside Daisy’s window, just to make sure that Tom wouldn’t hurt her. He loved her so deeply and profoundly that when Daisy mistakenly murdered Myrtle by crushing her under the car, Gatsby was ready to take this as his own mistake. As we see that when Nick inquires Gatsby about this incident he said, â€Å"Well, I tried to swing the wheel—† He broke off, and suddenly I (Nick) guessed the truth. â€Å"Was Daisy driving? † â€Å"Yes,† He said after a moment, â€Å"but of course I’ll say I was. † (pg110) On the other hand, we find that Daisy, despite Gatsby’s love and care, is still confused and double minded. She doesn’t want to leave Tom Buchanan, nor could she live without her new found -once -lost -love. She, before her husband, admits that she doesn’t love him but after sometime, changes her mind. Oh, you want too much! † she cried to Gatsby. â€Å"I love you now isn’t that enough? I can’t help what’s past. † She began to sob helplessly. â€Å"I did love him once but I loved you too. † (pg101) On the same occasion, she said, â€Å"Even alone I can’t say that I never loved Tom,† she admitted in a pitiful voice. â€Å"It wouldn’t be true. † (pg102) Thus it is clear that Daisy is absolutely indecisive as she couldn’t decide that whom she wants to live with. Besides, she cared very little about Gatsby’s feeling and didn’t give him the love he deserved. Daisy’s selfishness is also shown on another occasion when on Gatsby’s arrival, she treats her own daughter Pammy in such a manner that clearly lacks the love and warmth of a mother. As mentioned in the novel, â€Å"The child, relinquished by the nurse, rushed across the room and rooted shyly into her mother’s dress. † This shows that the little girl was reluctant to go to her mother as she was not aware of a mother’s affection. Gatsby had never really known of the existence of Daisy’s child, as Daisy was probably afraid to tell him about her. â€Å"Afterward he kept looking at the child in surprise. Daisy uses the child as a show item: â€Å"I got dressed before luncheon† said the child, turning eagerly towards Daisy. â€Å"That’s because your mother wanted to show you off† replies Daisy. When the child speaks to Daisy, Daisy never answers or replies to her. She always changes the subject as if she doesn’t even notice the child’s presence. For example, when the girl comments Jordan’s dress, Daisy ignores her and asks her what she thinks about her friends: â€Å"Aunt Jordan’s got on a white dress too†, said the child. â€Å"How do you like mother’s friends? † Daisy turned her around so that she faced Gatsby. Do you think they are pretty? † After this brief introduction, Daisy asks the nurse to take the child back. (pg89). This very careless nature of hers became the cause of her lover’s pitiful demise. Both Tom and Daisy were selfish, mean and careless as both of them became the cause of their lovers’ deaths. As mentioned in the novel, â€Å"They were careless people Tom and Daisy. They smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together and let other people clean up the mess they had made. (pg139). Interestingly, automobiles also have a significant part in the demise of many of the characters. The 1920s’ American culture was the one in which the phenomena of automobiles emerged. With the arrival of sudden wealth, people started to buy cars as they also became one of the status symbols. An American President said in 1925, â€Å"We will root out poverty and put two cars in every garage. † Jay Gatsby also had five cars, one of which hits Myrtle and results in her unfortunate death. Myrtle’s death then leads to the death of poor Gatsby and her own husband, George. It is what O’Meara calls as a â€Å"death car. † She writes, â€Å"The automobile is a symbol that Fitzgerald uses to accomplish several different ends. † After the death of Gatsby, Nick Carraway goes to Meyer Wolfsheim, the infamous gambler and swindler and tries to find out the actual origin of Gatsby’s wealth. He asks him, â€Å"Did you start him in business? † Wolfsheim replies â€Å"Start him! I made him,† and continues: â€Å"I raised him up out of nothing, right out of the gutter. I saw right away he was a fine appearing gentlemanly young man and when he told me he was at Oggsford, I knew I could use him good. We were so thick like that in everything, he held up two bulbous fingers – â€Å"always together. †(pg132) This conversation reveals that Gatsby was once a poor, unprivileged fellow and despite all his attempts, he couldn’t fit in with the old, established aristocracy. After the sad demise of Jay Gatsby, Nick tried to inform Gatsby’s friends about his death but it was ironic that no close friend or relative came to attend the funeral. The man, who was always surrounded by different people and whose parties’ people desperately wanted to attend, was now all alone. Since he was of no use now, everybody left him and never looked back at the time they had spent with that poor, unlucky chap. At the same occasion, Nick Carraway received a call from one of Gatsby’s friends. It was Mr. Klipspringer. When he told Nick, about himself, Nick felt a bit satisfied and thought that at least there is someone who cares about Gatsby. â€Å"The funeral’s tomorrow,† I (Nick) said. â€Å"Three o’clock, here at the house. I wish you’d tell anybody who’d be interested. † â€Å"Oh, I will,† he broke out hastily†. â€Å"Of course I’m not likely to see anybody, but if I do. His tone made me suspicious. â€Å"Of course you’ll be there yourself. † â€Å"Well, I’ll certainly try. What I called up about was a pair of shoes I left there. I wonder if it’d be too much trouble to have the butler send them on. You see, they are tennis shoes, and I’m sort of helpless without them. My address is care of B. F†. â€Å"I didn’t hear rest of the name, because I hung up the receiver†. (pg130, 131) This reveals that how selfish and mean those people were. They used to gather around Gatsby like the moths around a candle, but when that candle stopped spreading its light, all of them turned away. At funeral procession, Nick Carraway tries to remember the deceased man and thought about his life for a while. This scene is very skillfully portrayed by Fitzgerald in the following words: I tried to think about Gatsby then for a moment, but he was already too far away, and I could only remember, without resentment, that Daisy hadn’t sent a message or a flower. Dimly I heard someone murmur, â€Å"Blessed are the dead that the rain falls on,† and then the owl eyed man said â€Å"Amen to that,† in a brave voice. We straggled down quickly through the rain to the cars. Owl eyes spoke to me by the gate. â€Å"I couldn’t get to the house,† he remarked. â€Å"Neither could anybody else. † â€Å"Go on! † He started. â€Å"Why, my God! They used to go there by the hundreds. † He took off the glasses and wiped them again, outside and in. â€Å"The poor son- of -a -bitch,† he said. (pg135) The story of The Great Gatsby spirals into tragedy as the book progresses with a succession of events love, revenge, murder and then suicide. There is a moral judgment involved in the process of reading such a story. Besides, Fitzgerald’s work can be compared to that of the British author Thomas Hardy as he too dared to examine themes that Victorian society brushed under the carpet namely sexual desire and obsession. Eventually, the materialism, empty pursuit of pleasure, big cars and grand mansions along with the Prohibition movement resulted in the emergence of class struggle among the rich and poor. Both of them started finding means of making money and didn’t pay attention towards the fact that whether those means are justified or not. A new perception emerged, according to which money brings happiness. But this didn’t happen in the case of Gatsby. All of his money, earned through illegal means was fruitless as it couldn’t bring Daisy closer to him. We see that The Great Gatsby is the story of shattered dreams i. e. both American and Gatsby’s dream. In Fitzgerald’s point of view, the American dream was about individualism, discovery and the pursuit of happiness. Whereas, Gatsby’s dream was to get his long lost love back but unfortunately, both the dreams got shattered in the end. We can say that this novel is an account of possibilities that can be generated through wealth and the irresponsibility that can ultimately ruin them. The story gives us a strong lesson that accumulation of wealth doesn’t always mean the attainment of real happiness. Money and riches are necessary to live a good life, but they, of course, don’t guarantee joy and success in life. The picture of American society drawn in The Great Gatsby can be compared to the present day American society. We can see that today’s American society face the similar issues and suffers from the similar ailments e. g. materialism, desire of money and the hollow pursuit of pleasure.

Pete the Cat and His Four Groovy Buttons A Childrens Picture Book

Pete the Cat and His Four Groovy Buttons  is the third picture book featuring the mellow blue cat and his positive attitude towards life. While the story revolves around Pete and his reactions when one by one, he loses his four groovy buttons, Pete the Cat and His Four Groovy Buttons is also a number concept book. Like the other Pete the Cat books, this one will appeal to kids 3 to 8, including beginning readers. Who Is Pete the Cat? Pete the Cat is a unique character, unlike any other cat youll come across in childrens literature. The narrator who introduces Pete and talks about him emphasizes how well Pete responds to life situations. Pete the Cat is a laid-back wacky looking blue cat, whose motto seems to be, Its all good. Whether its a new situation, a loss of something or a problem, in the Pete the Cat picture books, Pete doesnt get upset. Pete sings a cheerful song through every situation and everything always turns out fine because of his attitude. Young children find Pete the Cats adventures both funny and reassuring. Humor, Numbers and a Message Pete the Cat and His Four Groovy Buttons is appealing for a number of reasons. Its a clever concept book that focuses on the numbers 1 to 4, subtraction and counting down. The illustrations prominently feature the numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 and the words one, two, three and four. The illustrations also introduce children, probably for the first time, to what a subtraction problem looks like (example: 4-13). With lots of different colors on every page, children will have fun identifying different colors and objects (Show me a red button. Show me something else thats red.) for the reader sharing the book with them. However, while all of that is well and good, thats only one of the reasons I like the book so much. In the first place, its not just Pete the Cats buttons that are groovy. Pete is definitely a groovy cat. I like Pete the Cat and I like the positive message his actions send. The Story Pete the Cats favorite shirt has four big, colorful, round, groovy buttons. Pete loves the buttons and likes to sing about them: My button, my buttons, / My four groovy buttons. When one of the buttons pops off, youd think Pete would be upset, but not this cat. Did Pete cry? / Goodness no! / Buttons come and buttons go. Pete just sings his song again, this time about his three buttons. He has the same reaction when another button pops off and hes down to 2 buttons, and, then, one button and, then, zero buttons. Even when the last button pops off, Pete the Cat doesnt get upset. Instead, he realizes he still has his belly button and happily begins to sing about that. The constant repetition as each button pops off and Pete the Cat reacts to the loss means that your child will probably be chiming in before you get down to zero and will happily help you tell the story again and again. The Author, Illustrator, and Pete the Cat Books James Dean created the Pete character and illustrated Pete the Cat and His Four Groovy Buttons. Dean, a former electrical engineer, created the Pete the Cat character based on a cat he saw at an animal shelter. Eric Litwin wrote the story. Litwin is an award-winning musician and storyteller, known for such CDs as The Big Silly with Mr. Eric and Smile at Your Neighbor. Pete the Cat and His Four Groovy Buttons is the third Pete the Cat book by Dean and Litwin. The first two are Pete the Cat: I Love My White Shoes and Pete the Cat: Rocking in My School Shoes. After Pete the Cat and His Four Groovy Buttons came Pete the Cat Saves Christmas.   Awards and Recognition for Pete the Cat and His Four Groovy Buttons Theodor Seuss Geisel Honor AwardALSC  Notable Children’s Books  Flicker Tale Childrens Book Award, North Dakota Library AssociationMissouri Building Block Picture Book AwardBridge to Reading, Dubuque Picture Book AwardNiagara Childrens Planning Council, The Regional Chair Early Years Niagara Literary Award Pete the Cat Extras from the Publisher On the Pete the Cat site you can download a companion song and watch a video for each of the picture books. You can also download Pete the Cat activities, including: Pin the Shoe on Pete, Spot the Difference, Maze and much more. Pete the Cat and His Four Groovy Buttons: Recommendation Pete the Cat is such a cheerful, laid-back character and the song for each book is a nice touch. Each of the Pete the Cat books have a simple message. In this picture book, kids are encouraged to relax and not get too dependent on stuff for happiness because stuff will come and stuff will go. Pete the Cat books are very popular with boys and girls who are just beginning to read. The kids love the Pete the Cat character, the zany illustrations and the repetition in the books. Pete the Cat and His Four Groovy Buttons is recommended  for ages 3 to 8 and makes  a great graduation gift. HarperCollins published Pete the Cat and His Four Groovy Buttons in 2012. The ISBN is 9780062110589. More Recommended Picture Books For alphabet and rhyming fun, Chicka Chicka Boom Boom  is a good book for kids who love the magic of books and The Gruffalo is a book children enjoy hearing again and again. Two classic picture books you wont want to miss are Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak and The Very Lonely Caterpillar by Eric Carle.